Regulation A+ Offering: Hype or Reality?

Blog Article

Regulation A+, a relatively new fundraising mechanism, has gained significant attention from both investors and businesses. Proponents extol its potential to facilitate access to capital for small businesses, while critics caution about its effectiveness.

The allure of Regulation A+ lies in its ability to utilize the power of crowdfunding to raise funds from a wide pool of investors. This, in theory, can furnish businesses with an alternative to traditional financing sources and promote economic development. However, the challenges associated with navigating the regulatory landscape and the risk of fraud remain significant concerns.

As the Regulation A+ ecosystem develops, it will be critical to find a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring investor protection. Only then can Regulation A+ truly realize its full promise.

Regulation A Plus | MOFO

MOFO's expert team is highly knowledgeable about Regulation A+, a mechanism under the Securities Act that allows companies to raise capital publicly . Leveraging this offering, businesses can attain funding for development while complying with regulatory guidelines. Our lawyers support companies through every phase of the Regulation A+ journey, ensuring a successful and compliant offering.

Concisely explain Title IV Regulation A+ regarding Me

Manhattan Street Capital is a crowdfunding platform that specializes in helping companies raise capital through Title IV Regulation A+. This regulation allows private companies to sell securities to the public and raise up to $75 million per year. Businesses can use this funding for diverse purposes, such as expanding operations, developing new products, or acquiring other businesses. Manhattan Street Capital provides a detailed platform that supports companies through the entire Regulation A+ process, from application to investor communication.

Should you you're a company looking to raise capital, Manhattan Street Capital's expertise in Title IV Regulation A+ can be a beneficial asset.

A Innovative Reg A+ Opportunity: What Is A Reg - We Hold All Of Them

Navigating the world of securities offerings can be complex. That's why we've become experts in Reg A+, a powerful avenue that allows companies to raise capital from the public. If you are an entrepreneur seeking funding or an investor looking for new opportunities, Reg A+ could be the perfect solution. Our team is dedicated to providing clear, concise guidance throughout the entire process.

We understand that every company has unique needs. That's why we offer a range of customized solutions tailored to your specific requirements. From initial consultation to final filing, we'll be there every step of the way to ensure a smooth and successful Reg A+ offering.

Uncover the benefits of Reg A+ for your business.
Utilize our expert knowledge and experience in navigating the regulatory landscape.
Enhance your chances of a successful capital raise.

What Startups Need to Know About Regulation A+

Launching a startup is an exciting journey filled with creativity. But amidst the hustle and bustle of building your dream, navigating the complex world of regulations can feel daunting. One piece of the puzzle for startups seeking funding is understanding Regulation A+, a unique avenue that allows companies to raise capital from the public. Regulation A+ offers a streamlined path to going public, potentially unlocking significant growth opportunities.

Essential benefits of Regulation A+ include expanded investor access, increased funding potential, and a more open fundraising process. Startups considering this option should meticulously examine the specific requirements and considerations.
Consulting from experienced legal and financial professionals is crucial to ensure a smooth regulatory journey. Regulation A+ can be a powerful tool for startups seeking to achieve their ambitions, but it's essential to approach it with a clear understanding of the structure and its potential impact.

Facilitates Equity Crowdfunding

Regulation A+, also known as Reg A+, serves as a powerful avenue for businesses seeking to raise capital through equity crowdfunding. It offers a streamlined framework for companies to issue and their securities to the public, including individual investors. Under Reg A+, companies can raise up to fifteen million dollars in a fiscal cycle, providing them with access to a wider pool of capital than traditionally obtainable by private offerings.

The system for Reg A+ equity crowdfunding entails several key phases. First, companies must create and lodge a detailed offering statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This filing provides investors with a thorough overview of the company, its business plan, and the risks connected to the investment.

Once the the SEC has reviewed and approved the offering statement, companies can begin marketing their securities to investors through various channels. This can include online platforms dedicated to equity crowdfunding, as well as traditional marketing strategies.

{Ultimately, Regulation A+ provides a viable avenue for businesses to secure funding through the power of the crowd. By making it more accessible for companies to access public markets, Reg A+ has the potential to stimulate innovation.

Regulation A+ Funding

FundAthena is a company leveraging the power of Regulation A+, offering entities the opportunity to invest in promising businesses. This unique funding mechanism allows companies to raise significant capital from a wider range of supporters, while providing entities with access to high-growth ventures. FundAthena's skilled team streamlines the entire Regulation A+ process, ensuring a seamless experience for both companies and their supporters.

Speculative Frontier Stock Securities

Venture into the burgeoning realm of Merger Acquisition Colonial Stock Securities, where history meets innovative finance. These unique instruments grant investors access to a diverse portfolio of reimagined colonies. Each investment represents a stake in the potentialgrowth of these unique ventures. Pursue this unconventional opportunity to shape to the evolution of our collective past.

A Major Find

Finally, after seasons of tireless searching, our team has made a breakthrough! We've located a ancient device. It's in remarkable condition, and we believe it could hold the key to unlocking long-lost technologies. This is a moment of jubilation for our entire team.

Preliminary| inspections are already underway, and we're eager to share more details soon.

Funding Your Venture - Title IV Reg A+

Delve into the exciting world of Crowdfunding under Reg A+ with our insightful infographic. Discover how this powerful financial tool can empower your business to soar to success. Explore the key benefits of Title IV Reg A+ and understand its influence on the modern investment ecosystem .

Whether you're a seasoned entrepreneur or just starting out, this infographic provides valuable insights into the intricacies of Title IV Reg A+. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the process, eligibility requirements, and potential rewards. Learn how to tap into this unique funding opportunity to fuel your growth . Don't miss out on this essential resource for anyone interested in exploring the exciting realm of alternative finance .

Dive deeper into the world of Title IV Reg A+ today!

Regulation A+ - Securex Filings LLC

Securex Filings LLC presents itself as a leading facilitator for businesses seeking to leverage the advantages of Regulation A+ offerings. Possessing extensive knowledge in securities law and a intricacies of capital raising, Securex Filings LLC offers a comprehensive range of tools designed to simplify the Regulation A+ process . From preliminary consultations to closing , their passionate team guides ventures through every stage of compliance .

Their services focus on supporting businesses in navigating the complexities of Regulation A+.
Issuers can benefit from Securex Filings LLC's knowledge to increase their chances of a smooth Reg A+ offering.

Uncover Crowdfund.co

Crowdfund.co is a/provides/serves as a platform/an online hub/a resource for individuals/people/backers to invest in/support/fund innovative/exciting/groundbreaking projects. Through/On/Via this website/platform/marketplace, creators/developers/entrepreneurs can raise/secure/gather capital/funding/money for their ideas/ventures/projects. Crowdfund.co offers/presents/features a variety/range/selection of categories/fields/industries for investors/backers/donors to choose from/select/explore. Whether you're/If you are/You might be looking to/searching for/interested in making an impact/supporting innovative ideas/finding investment opportunities, Crowdfund.co could be/might be/can be the perfect place/ideal destination/go-to resource.

Fundrise Reg A Offering

Fundrise has made available its latest Reg A offering. This type of funding round allows individuals to participate in Fundrise's diverse holdings. The offering is currently open and presents a potential opportunity for investors seeking exposure to the commercial real estate market. Fundrise has demonstrated consistent performance with its previous Reg A offerings.

Investors interested in learning more about the Fundrise Reg A offering are encouraged to explore the company's online resources. There, they can discover information on the offering specifics. Before making any investment decisions, it is always advisable to conduct thorough research and consult with a financial advisor.

Securities and Exchange Commission

The Securities and Exchange Commission is/serves as/acts as the primary regulatory/governing/overseeing body for securities/financial markets/investments in the United States/America. Established/Founded/Created in 1934/the early 20th century, the SEC is tasked with/aims to/strives to protect/ensure the fairness and integrity of/maintain financial markets/transactions/instruments by enforcing federal securities laws/regulations/guidelines. Its/The responsibilities include/encompass/extend to registering/regulating/overseeing broker-dealers, investment advisors, and mutual funds, as well as investigating potential fraud/violations of securities laws/market manipulation. The SEC also plays a key role in/actively participates in educating/informing/raising awareness the public about investment risks/securities regulations/financial literacy.

Propel Your Funding Journey With CrowdExpert Title IV Reg A+ Equity Crowdfunding

CrowdExpert Title IV Reg A+ Equity Crowdfunding offers startups a unique and dynamic platform to attract the resources they need for growth and expansion. Leveraging the power of the community, CrowdExpert connects companies with investors who are passionate about progress. By offering shares of equity in exchange for contributions, businesses can unlock a wealth of capital from a diverse pool of participants. This method of funding not only provides monetary support but also fosters visibility for the venture, building a strong foundation for future expansion.

Benefit from a streamlined and transparent system
Attract a wider audience of qualified investors
Accelerate your growth through targeted funding

Gauging the Waters

Before launching headfirst into any new venture, it's wise to feel out the waters first. This requires methodically observing the current situation. By accumulating information, you can evaluate the potential success of your endeavor. It's a sensible approach that can help you reduce pitfalls.

Funding for Everyone

The concept of crowdfunding is no longer a niche practice. It's transformed into a powerful tool that allows individuals and organizations to raise funds directly from the public. This democratization of funding has opened up a world of opportunities for innovative projects, enabling them to bring their visions to life without relying on traditional sources like banks or investors. By tapping into the collective power of the crowd, crowdfunding campaigns have become a successful way to fund everything from artistic endeavors to social causes.

Websites like Kickstarter and Indiegogo have become central hubs for crowdfunding projects, connecting creators with potential backers.
The rise of social media has further amplified the reach of crowdfunding campaigns, allowing them to attract attention quickly.
Notable achievements abound in the world of crowdfunding, demonstrating its ability to support innovative ideas.

As crowdfunding continues to flourish, it's clear that this transformative model has the potential to reshape the way we think about funding. It empowers individuals, fosters collaboration, and unlocks new possibilities for creativity and progress.

StreetShares

StreetShares is a/an/the leading platform/company/solution for small/medium-sized/local businesses. It provides access to/funding through/capital in the form of loans/investment/credit, specifically designed/tailored/optimized for the needs of entrepreneurs/business owners/startups. With a focus on transparency/community/collaboration, StreetShares strives to empower/support/assist businesses by offering competitive rates/flexible terms/attractive options.

Founded in/Established during/Created by 2013/the year 2015/a few years ago, StreetShares has helped/supported/funded thousands of/numerous/a large number of businesses across the United States/country/nation.
Their/Its/The company's mission is to provide financial inclusion/make financing accessible/bridge the funding gap for emerging/growing/aspiring businesses.

Moreover/Additionally/Furthermore, StreetShares offers educational resources/training programs/valuable tools to help businesses succeed/thrive/grow.

Harnessing Regulation A+ for Successful Fundraising

Regulation A+ has emerged as a popular avenue with companies aiming capital. This framework allows public companies to raise substantial amounts of capital by means of a streamlined procedure.

Entities are attracted to Regulation A+ offerings due to the chance for substantial returns. Moreover, Regulation A+ provides entities with a means to secure a broader network.

A robust Regulation A+ fundraising campaign depends on several key elements. These include a compelling business model, a transparent communication process, and a passionate team.

Finally, Regulation A+ offers a practical pathway for companies to raise capital.

EquityNet

EquityNet offers a range of tools to encourage startup businesses. Through its web-based platform, EquityNet pairs investors with promising startups. The system features a selection of resources to aid in the investment process, including due diligence information, venture capitalist screening, and dealdocumentation. EquityNet serves an key role in the landscape of early-stage investment.

Regulation A-Plus Offerings

Companies looking to raise capital may evaluate Regulation A+ offerings as a less stringent alternative to traditional Initial Public Offerings. This structure allows companies to secure up to $100 million from the public in a manner that simplifies the fundraising process. Adherence to rules remains crucial, however, as companies must adhere to stringent disclosure mandates and filing processes. Successful Reg A+ offerings can provide companies with valuable resources to support growth and expansion.

Benefits of Regulation A+ include its relatively simple process, lower expenses, and the ability to access a wider pool of investors.
Potential drawbacks to be aware of include the ongoing reporting expectations and the need for expert legal guidance throughout the process.

Exploring Regulation in Crowdfunding

The landscape of crowdfunding is experiencing significant growth, presenting both possibilities and obstacles. Regulations play a crucial role in influencing this shifting {environment|. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the current rules governing crowdfunding platforms.

Financial authorities worldwide are continuously striving to create specific standards that foster responsible and ethical crowdfunding activities. These regulations aim to ensure both investors and businesses while guaranteeing a fair playing field for all {stakeholders|.

Adherence is essential for crowdfunding platforms to operate consistently. Failure to comply with applicable laws can lead substantial fines. Consequently,, it is paramount for crowdfunding entities to keep abreast of the latest legal changes. Ultimately understanding and embracing regulations is fundamental for the sustainable success and viability of the crowdfunding industry.

Providing Requirements

When regulating services, it's essential to establish clear and comprehensive standards. These rules aim to ensure that offerings meet predetermined benchmarks of quality, security, and conformance with relevant laws and specifications. Organizations seeking to offer their offerings must adhere these requirements to operate within the system of legal and ethical restrictions.

For instance, offerings in the clinical industry are subject to stringent rules regarding patient security and data defense.

Conversely, financial offerings must adhere to strict conformance norms to prevent deception and protect investors.

Supervision A+ Finance Dictionary

Understanding governance is crucial for investors. Investopedia's in-depth guide on supervision provides insight into the nuances of financial systems. From assets to lending, Investopedia's articles illuminate key concepts related to governing frameworks. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced analyst, Investopedia's A+ governance content deepens your expertise in this dynamic field.

Supervising A+ Companies

The arena of A+ companies is constantly shifting, presenting both opportunities and challenges for regulators. These high-performing entities often operate at the leading position of innovation, pushing the limits of what's possible. However, their success can also create complex consequences that require careful scrutiny. Regulators must aim to cultivate a regulatory environment that is both encouraging of innovation while also securing ethical business practices.

This balancing act requires a nuanced approach, one that appreciates the unique characteristics of A+ companies and their impact on the broader market.

There are several key areas where regulation of A+ companies must be carefully considered. These include:

* Data privacy and security:

A+ companies often collect and utilize vast amounts of data, raising concerns about the safeguarding of individual information.

* Algorithmic transparency and accountability:

As A+ companies increasingly rely on software systems, it is crucial to ensure that these algorithms are understandable and held accountable for their consequences.

* Competition and market dominance:

The success of A+ companies can sometimes lead to fears about market concentration, which could detriment consumer welfare.

Mitigating these challenges requires a collaborative effort involving regulators, A+ companies, researchers, and the citizens. Through transparent discussion, it is possible to craft regulatory frameworks that promote both innovation and the prosperity of society.

Regulation A+ Summary

Regulations provide a level playing field within industries by setting norms. A+ summaries usually highlight key elements of these regulations, offering a concise picture for stakeholders. These summaries are essential for understanding compliance requirements and interpreting the details of regulatory frameworks.

Advantages of regulation A+ summaries comprise:
Improved understanding of regulatory requirements
Facilitated compliance processes
Minimized risk exposure

Guidelines in the Real Estate Industry

The real estate market is a complex ecosystem governed by/regulated through/controlled by strict/comprehensive/robust regulations/laws/guidelines. These rules/standards/policies are designed to/implemented for/intended get more info to protect/safeguard/ensure consumers, promote fairness/maintain transparency/foster ethical conduct in transactions, and prevent/mitigate/address fraudulent activities. Real estate professionals, including brokers/agents/developers, are required to/expected to/obligated to comply with/adhere to/follow these regulations/guidelines/standards.

Notable/Key/Important aspects of/areas covered by/issues addressed by regulation in the real estate industry include/encompass/address property disclosures/listings/transactions, agency relationships/client representation/confidentiality agreements, fair housing practices/anti-discrimination policies/equal opportunity laws, and real estate financing/mortgage lending/loan servicing.

Understanding/Being aware of/Familiarizing oneself with these regulations/the regulatory landscape/legal framework is essential for/crucial to/highly important for anyone involved in/participating in/engaged in the real estate market.

Our Mini-IPO First JOBS Act Company Goes Public Via Reg A+ on OTCQX

After years period of preparation and dedication, our company is thrilled to announce its public debut via a Regulation A+ offering on the OTCQX marketplace. This milestone represents a significant achievement for us as we embrace this new chapter of growth and opportunity.

The company believe that this listing will provide greater visibility to our investors and potential stakeholders, while also allowing us to secure the capital necessary to drive our next phase of expansion. We are confident about the future and anticipate to share our journey with all of you.

Facilitates Reg A+ raises on the platform

FundersClub, the prominent online equity crowdfunding platform, has announced a new feature that allows companies to perform Reg A+ raises directly on its platform. This initiative broadens FundersClub's capabilities, giving businesses access to a wider pool of investors. With Reg A+, companies can raise up to $75 million from the mass market. FundersClub's intuitive platform streamlines the fundraising process for companies, making it convenient than ever before to access the power of crowdfunding.

Securities Regulation: What is Reg A+

Regulation A+, often referred to as "Reg A+" for brevity, is a/acts as/constitutes a financing exemption within the U.S. securities laws. It allows companies to raise capital from the general public through a process/method/system known as crowdfunding. The goal of Reg A+ is to provide smaller businesses with a more accessible path to raising funds, compared to traditional methods like initial public offerings (IPOs).

Under Reg A+, companies can offer and sell their securities directly to investors online or through broker-dealers. There are two tiers within Reg A+: Tier 1 allows companies to raise up to $20 million within a twelve/one/specified month period, while Tier 2 permits fundraising of up to $75 million over a similar timeframe.

To participate in a Reg A+ offering, investors typically must complete a simple verification process to ensure they meet certain income or net worth requirements. These offerings can be found on specialized Reg A+/Regulation A+ crowdfunding platforms/crowdfunding portals.

These platforms act as intermediaries, connecting companies with potential investors and facilitating the entire fundraising procedure/process/cycle.

Navigating for IPOs

Bringing a company public through an Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a complex undertaking, requiring meticulous planning and adherence to stringent regulations. The regulatory landscape surrounding IPOs can be particularly intricate, involving multiple agencies at both the federal and state levels. To ensure a successful IPO, companies must navigate these regulatory hurdles effectively by complying with disclosure requirements, undergoing due diligence processes, and adhering to market integrity principles. Failure to do so can result in significant penalties, legal challenges, and damage to the company's reputation.

Companies planning an IPO must engage with regulatory advisors to ensure full compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) plays a crucial role in overseeing the IPO process, reviewing financial statements and other reports.
Corporations must reveal material information to potential investors to ensure transparency and protect investor interests.

Reg A+ Securities Issuances

Reg A+ offerings present a unique avenue for companies to raise capital in the public markets. By leveraging this regulation, companies can secure investments from a wider pool of individuals. This process typically involves filing a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) outlining the company's business model. Reg A+ offerings are attractive to companies in various industries, particularly those seeking to enhance their capabilities.

Some notable benefits of Reg A+ offerings include:A key advantage of Reg A+ offerings is the ability for companies to raise funds directly from investors without relying on traditional underwriting fees. This can lead to significant cost savings and allow companies to retain a larger portion of the capital raised.
Another benefit is the increased visibility that comes with launching a public offering.{Reg A+ offerings also provide companies with enhanced brand recognition and media attention, which can be invaluable for attracting new customers and partners.

However, it's important to note that Reg A+ offerings are not without their challenges. Companies must comply with stringent SEC regulations and prepare comprehensive disclosure documents. It also requires significant effort and resources to effectively market the offering to potential investors.

Regulation A+ Standards

The implementation of Regulation A+ guidelines plays a vital role in promoting transparency within the investment markets. They serve to standards of ethical conduct by companies involved in raising capital. Adhering to Regulation A+ regulations is essential for regulators to safeguard their investments.

A comprehensive understanding of Regulation A+ provisions allows companies seeking funding and individuals investing to participate effectively in the capital markets.

Moreover, Regulation A+ establishes a well-defined mechanism by which companies can raise funds while ensuring fairness and transparency.

SlideShare regulation a securities act of 1933 jobs act 106 reg A tier 2 offering

The JOBS Act, specifically Section 106, implemented Reg A+ as a streamlined process for smaller companies to raise capital. This level 2 offering under Reg A+ allows companies to publicly disclose their securities offerings through various channels, including SlideShare, to engage potential investors. SlideShare's service can be a valuable tool for companies seeking to adhere to the disclosure requirements of Reg A+ Tier 2 by providing a easily navigable space to present their financial information and business plan with a wider audience.

Note: SlideShare's community guidelines should be carefully reviewed to ensure compliance with securities laws and regulations.

Regulating a Text Successfully

When managing text, control becomes essential for obtaining desired outcomes. This process involves defining clear guidelines to guarantee coherence and accuracy.

Standards for text can address a diverse range of aspects, including presentation, language, and content. By utilizing these guidelines, we can optimize the readability of text and reduce errors.

Successful text regulation contributes to clear communication.
Standards instill credibility in written works.
Uniform text boosts the aggregate value of any textual work.

Supervision a+ Offering

A compliant a+ offering demands a thorough understanding of the shifting regulatory landscape. This involves assessing relevant laws and implementing robust procedures to ensure adherence. A successful a+ offering should also promote accountability and build confidence with stakeholders.

Critical aspects when developing a regulated a+ offering include: risk management, data security, consumer protection

Legislation A Plus Gain

When it comes to regulations, a "plus" often signifies a positive impact. A regulatory framework that's well-designed and effectively implemented can boost safety. It can also cultivate development by providing a consistent environment for businesses to thrive. This, in turn, can lead to economic growth and a higher standard of living. Ultimately, "regulation a plus" manifests into a better society for all.

Capital Raising Regulation

When a business is seeking to raise capital, they have several options available. Two common techniques are Regulation A and Regulation D. Regulation A is a category of securities offering that allows companies to raise up to $20 million from the public, while Regulation D is used for private placements, enabling companies to sell securities to a limited number of financiers.

extends greater public visibility, but it also involves more demanding requirements.
{Regulation D|Reg D|deals on private placements, making it a good option for companies seeking less public observation.

Ultimately, the best methodology will depend on the company's specific situation and its objectives.

FRB Regulation A

FRB Regulation A is a framework/lays out guidelines/establishes parameters for financial institutions to follow. It focuses on safeguarding/protecting/securing depositors and maintaining financial stability/the integrity of/a sound banking system. The regulation covers/addresses/deals with a wide range/broad spectrum/comprehensive set of activities, including capital requirements/asset allocation/risk management. By adhering to these rules/provisions/mandates, financial institutions contribute to/help ensure/play a vital role in the stability and soundness of the overall financial market/economy/system.

Data Protection Officer

A DPO is a function responsible for managing an organization's compliance with data protection regulations. This important figurehead works to implement systems that protect personal records. They also {act as arepresentative between the organization and supervisory bodies, delivering assistance on data protection matters.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Approves New “Reg A+” Rules for Crowdfunding

In a landmark move to stimulate the crowdfunding industry, the Securities and Exchange Commission|U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted new rules for “Reg A+”. This regulatory framework is designed to empower businesses to secure capital from a broader pool of individuals.

Reg A+, formerly known as Regulation A, now allows companies to issue their stocks to the public without the conventional IPO process.
The new rules clarify previous regulations, granting companies with enhanced flexibility in how they raise capital.
Such developments are expected to {have apositive impact on the crowdfunding landscape, increasing its accessibility for both companies seeking funding and individuals looking to invest.

Regulation A+ vs Regulation D

When raising capital for a new business venture, entrepreneurs often confront the complexities of securities law. Two common avenues for capitalizing these ventures are Regulation A+ and Regulation D, each with its own distinct rules. Regulation A+, also known as mini-IPO , enables companies to raise considerable amounts of capital from the broader public. In contrast, Regulation D is primarily designed for confidential funding where investments are made by a limited number of accredited investors.

Rule 506 of Regulation D further categorizes private placements into two distinct categories: Rule 506(b) and Rule 506(c). Under Rule 506(b), companies can {raise funds from an unlimited number of accredited investors, but are restricted to offering securities to a maximum of 35 non-accredited investors. Rule 506(c), on the other hand, offers more flexibility by allowing companies to advertise and solicit investments from both accredited and non-accredited investors, contingent upon they conduct due diligence to verify investor credentials .

Choosing between Regulation A+ and Regulation D involves carefully considering various factors such as the amount of capital required, target audience, regulatory compliance burden, and overall goals of the business.

Report this page

REGULATION A+ OFFERING: HYPE OR REALITY?

Regulation A+ Offering: Hype or Reality?